Target Risk - Bibliography for Chapter 11

[1] Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General system theory. New York: G. Braziller.
[2] Bonnie, R.J. (1985). The efficacy of law as a paternalistic instrument. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 29, 131-211.
[3] Wilde, G.J.S. (1981). A critical view of countermeasure development and evaluation. In L. Goldberg, Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, pp. 1145-1159.
[4] Arnold, H.J. (1989). Sanctions and rewards: Organizational perspective. In M.L. Friedland (Ed.), Sanctions and rewards in the legal system: A multidisciplinary approach. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
[5] Dewar, R.E. (1972). Permissive versus prohibitive symbols for regulatory traffic control signs. Proceedings, International Conference on Highway Sign Symbology, Washington, DC, June.
[6] D'Arcy St. Pierre, M. (1968). Personal communication. Police Department, Montréal.
[7] Cramton, A.C. (1969). Driver behaviour and legal sanctions: A study of deterrence. Michigan Law Review, 63, 421-454.
[8] NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (1974). Alcohol and traffic safety: A review in quest of remedies. Ottawa: Transport Canada. Road Safety, Report No. CTS-1a-74.
[9] Wilde, G.J.S. (1975). Evaluation of effectiveness of public education and information programmes related to alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. In S. Israelstam and S. Lambert (Eds.), Alcohol, drugs and traffic safety. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation of Ontario, pp. 813-823.
[10] Klette, H. (1972). Om social kontroll av grovre trafikbrottslighet. (On legal control of serious traffic offences). Lund, Sweden: University of Lund, Departments of Law and Sociology.
[11] Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W. (1991). Motivation and work behavior. Fifth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
[12] Wilde. G.J.S. (1992). Accident prevention through incentives for safety in industry and road traffic: An analysis of international experience. Proceedings, International GfS Summer Symposium, Gelsenkirchen D., June 15-17, pp. 61-67.
[13] Harano, R.M. and Hubert, D.E. (1974). An evaluation of California's `good driver' incentive program. Report No. 6, California Division of Highways, Sacramento.
[14] Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511.
[15] Gros, J. (1989). Das Kraft-Fahr-Sicherheitsprogramm. Personalführung, No. 3, 246-249.
[16] Haynes, R.S., Pine, R.C., and Fitch, H.G. (1982). Reducing accident rates with organizational behaviour modification. Academy of Management Journal, 25, 407-416.
[17] Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.
[18] McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.
[19] Guastello, S.J. (1991). The comparative effectiveness of occupational accident reduction programs. Paper presented at the International Symposium, Alcohol Related Accidents and Injuries, Yverdon-les-Bains , Switzerland, Dec. 2-5.
[20] Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.
[21] Bruening, J.C. (1989). Incentives strengthen safety awareness. Occupational Hazards, 51, 49-52.
[22] McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.
[23] Barmack, J.E. and Payne, P.E. (1961). The Lackland accident countermeasure experiment. Highway Research Board Proceedings, 40, 513-522.
[24] Robertson, S. (1980). Crash involvement of teenaged drivers when driver education is eliminated from high school. American Journal of Public Health, 70, 599-603.
[25] Harano, R.M. and Hubert, D.E. (1974). An evaluation of California's 'good driver' incentive program. Report No. 6, California Division of Highways, Sacramento.
[26] Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511, p.507.
[27] Wilde, G.J.S. (1991). Risk homeostasis theory and its promise for improved safety. Proceedings, VTT Symposium, No. 124, Nurmes, Finland, August 7-10, 1989, pp. 7-30.
[28] Wilde. G.J.S. (1992). Accident prevention through incentives for safety in industry and road traffic: An analysis of international experience. Proceedings, International GfS Summer Symposium, Gelsenkirchen D., June 15-17, pp. 61-67.
[29] McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.
[30] Karasina, N.I. (1977). Psychological an material incentives for the improvement of workplace conditions (in Russian). Moscow: Scientific Research Institute for Occupational Safety.
[31] Vaaje, T. (1991). Rewarding in insurance: Return of part of premium after a claim-free period. Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen DK, Sep. 19-21, 1990.
[32] Geller, E.S. (1990), quoted by Bruening, J.C. Shaping workers' attitudes toward safety. Occupational Hazards, 52, 49-51.
[33] Harano, R.M. and Hubert, D.E. (1974). An evaluation of California's 'good driver' incentive program. Report No. 6, California Division of Highways, Sacramento.
[34] Starr, C. (1969). Social benefits versus technological risk. What is our society willing to pay for safety? Science, 165, 1232-1238.
[35] Wilde, G.J.S. and Murdoch, P.A. (1982). Incentive systems for accident-free and violation-free driving in the general population. Ergonomics, 25, 879-890.
[36] Markus, T. (1990). How to set up a safety incentive program. Supervision, July, pp.14-16.
[37] Bacher, K. (1989). Erfahrungen mit dem Sicherheitswettbewerb "Sicher arbeiten und 100 Mark gewinnen" bei der Hoogovens Aluminiums Hüttenwerk GmbH. In B. Ludborzs (Ed.), Psychologie der Arbeitssicherheit, 4. Workshop 1988. Heidelberg: Roland Ansager Verlag, 345-346.
[38] Bartels, K. (1976). Über die Wirksamkeit von Arbeitssicherheitsprämien. Dortmund, Germany: Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung.
[39] Wilde, G.J.S. (1985). The use of incentives for the promotion of accident-free driving. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 10, 161-168.
[40] Morisey, M. (1988). Award programs reduce costs, improve worker safety records. Occupational Health and Safety, Sept., 64-66.
[41] Vogel, C.B. (1991). How to recognize safety. Safety and Health, January, 54-57.
[42] Komaki, J., Barwick, K.D. and Scott, L.R. (1978). A behavioral approach to occupational safety: Pinpointing and reinforcing safe performance in a food manufacturing plant. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 434-445.
[43] Latham, G.P. and Baldes, J.J. (1975). The practical significance of Locke's theory of goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 122-124.
[44] Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.
[45] Bartels, K. (1976). Über die Wirksamkeit von Arbeitssicherheitsprämien. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Unfallforschung, Dortmund.
[46] Bruening, J.C. (1989). Incentives strengthen safety awareness. Occupational Hazards, 51, 49-52.
[47] Doherty, E.M., Nord, W.R. and McAdams, J.L. (1989). Gainsharing and organization development: A productive synergy. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 25, 209-229.
[48] Zohar, D. (1980). Promoting use of personal protective equipment by behavior modification techniques. Journal of Safety Research, 12, 78-85.
[49] Doherty, E.M., Nord, W.R. and McAdams, J.L. (1989). Gainsharing and organization development: A productive synergy. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 25, 209-229.
[50] Peters, R.H. (1991). Strategies for encouraging self-protective employee behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 22, 53-70.
[51] Tschnernitschek, E. (1978). Verkehrssicherheitsprogramm eines Vertriebsunternehmens. Berufsgenossenschaft, February.
[52] Wilde, G.J.S. (1985). The use of incentives for the promotion of accident-free driving. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Supplement No. 10, 161-168.
[53] Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511.
[54] Worrall, J.D. (1983). Safety and the workforce: Incentives and disincentives in workers' compensation. New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University: ILR Press.
[55] Harrington, D.M. and Ratz, M. (1978). The effectiveness of an at-home driver's licensing law test. Report No. 60, California Department of Motor Vehicles, Sacramento.
[56] Chich, Y. (1991). L'assurance automobile peut-elle et veut-elle investir dans l'action préventive? Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen, Sep. 19-21, 1990.
[57] Gray, M. (1989). Insurance logic that is blind to safety inventions. Lloyd's List, No. 54340, Nov. 2.
[58] Wilde, G.J.S. (1986). Beyond the concept of risk homeostasis: Suggestions for research and application towards the prevention of accidents and lifestyle-related disease. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 377-401, p.398.
[59] Wilde, G.J.S. (1988). Incentives for safe driving and insurance management. In C.A. Osborne, Report of inquiry into motor vehicle accident compensation in Ontario, Vol. II. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, pp. 464-511, p.507.
[60] Boyer, M. and Dionne, G. (1987). The economics of road safety. Transportation Research-B, 21B, 413-431.
[61] Chich, Y. (1991). L'Assurance automobile peut-elle et veut-elle investir dans l'action préventive? Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen, Sep. 19-21, 1990, pp.150-153.
[62] Worrall, J.D. (1983). Safety and the workforce: Incentives and disincentives in workers' compensation. ILR Press, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.
[63] Zwolsche Algemeene Verzekeringen. (1986). Wij rijden zelf ook niet altijd even denderend. Daarom verzekeren we zo compleet. De Telegraaf, August 16.
[64] Ewald, F. (in press). Insurance and prevention: Conflict or convergence of reasoning? Proceedings, OECD International Conference on Automobile Insurance and Road Accident Prevention, Amsterdam, April 6-8.
[65] Gaudry, M. (1991). Measuring the effects of the no-fault Québec Automobile Act with the DRAG model. In G. Dionne (Ed.), Contributions to insurance economics. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp.471-498.
[66] Wilde, G.J.S. and Murdoch, P.A. (1982). Incentive systems for accident-free and violation-free driving in the general population. Ergonomics, 25, 879-890.
[67] Smith, R.S. (1973-1974). The feasibility of an injury tax approach to occupational safety. Law and Contemporary Problems, 38, 730-744.
[68] Hauer, E. (1991). The behaviour of public bodies and the delivery of road safety. Proceedings, OECD/ECMT Symposium on enforcement and rewarding: Strategies and effects. Copenhagen, Denmark, Sep. 19-21, 1990, pp.134-138.
[69] Wilde, G.J.S. (1986). Beyond the concept of risk homeostasis: Suggestions for research and application towards the prevention of accidents and lifestyle-related disease. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18, 377-401.
[70] Kamerud, D.B. (1988). Evaluating the new 65 mph speed limit. In J.D., Graham (ed.), Preventing automobile injury. Dover, Massachusetts: Auburn House, pp. 231-256.
[71] Pfafferott, I. and Huguenin, R.D. (1991). Adaptation nach Einführung von Sicherheitsmassnahmen. Zeitschrift für Verkehrssicherheit, 37, 71-83.
[72] Fox, D.K., Hopkins, B.L. and Anger, W.K. (1987). The long-term effects of a token economy on safety performance in open pit mining. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 215-224.
[73] Doherty, E.M., Nord, W.R. and McAdams, J.L. (1989). Gainsharing and organization development: A productive synergy. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 25, 209-229.
[74] McAfee, R.B. and Winn, A.R. (1989). The use of incentives/feedback to enhance work place safety: A critique of the literature. Journal of Safety Research, 20, 7-19.
[75] Op. cit.

since FEB-10-96.